To realize the virtual-image-based applications only with a thin optical system, we have proposed a new optical system that integrates an HOE-based mirror referred as holographic mirror, dispersion-compensation optics, and a digital projector. HOEs have been applied to head-up displays (HUDs), head-mount displays (HMDs), bidirectional displays, see-through diffusive screens projection-type three-dimensional (3-D) displays, 3-D user interfaces, wearable eye-gaze detection systems, solar-power generation systems, vibration and temperature measurements, and 3-D telepresence systems. Many applications of HOEs exploit their flexibility in performing optical functions and their see-through characteristics. For example, virtual imaging has been used in various applications from head-mounted displays (HMDs) to public theaters, where digital images are displayed as overlapping on real objects.Ī holographic optical element (HOE) is capable of implementing various flexible optical functions on a thin, flat, and transparent film based on wavefront recording and reconstruction. Recently, such technology has been revisited in the context of augmented reality (AR). The perception of cyber-physical fusion using virtual images mainly relies on the imperceptibility of the frame of the display, which is caused by an axial displacement between the image plane and the screen plane. In Pepper’s ghost, a virtual image is displayed on real objects by using a slanted half mirror, which can realize surprising visual experiences like optical illusions. A famous example is Pepper’s ghost, which was invented over 100 years ago. The fusion of optical images and real objects has been an interesting topic in the field of optics and information technology.
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